Understanding Sensory Processing Challenges in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) often comes with sensory processing challenges, which affect how a child perceives and responds to sensory information like sounds, textures, lights, smells, and movements. For many children with Autism, these sensory inputs can be overwhelming, leading to behaviours or reactions that may seem unusual.

What Are Sensory Processing Challenges?

Sensory processing issues occur when the brain has difficulty organising and responding to sensory input. These challenges manifest in two ways:

1. Hypersensitivity: Children who are hypersensitive overreact to stimuli. Everyday sounds, bright lights, or certain textures may cause discomfort or anxiety. For example, a vacuum cleaner’s noise might feel unbearable.
2. Hyposensitivity: Some children are under-responsive, seeking extra sensory input by spinning, jumping, or touching different textures. They may not notice light touches or have a high tolerance for pain.

Each child with Autism experiences sensory challenges differently. Some might be sensitive to sounds but not to touch, while others might seek out intense sensory experiences like movement or pressure.

Common Sensory Issues in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

• Sound sensitivity: Loud or unexpected noises may cause distress.
• Texture aversions: Certain fabrics or foods may be avoided due to their texture.
• Light sensitivity: Bright or harsh lighting can be overwhelming.
• Sensory seeking: Some children actively seek sensory input by jumping, spinning, or engaging with certain textures.
• Touch sensitivity: Light touches may be uncomfortable, but deep pressure can be soothing.

Supporting Children with Sensory Challenges

To help children with Autism manage sensory processing issues, consider these strategies:

1. Create sensory-friendly environments: Adjust lighting, reduce noise, and offer calming tools like noise-cancelling headphones.
2. Use sensory tools: Weighted blankets, fidget toys, and other tools can help regulate sensory input.
3. Occupational therapy: Therapists can provide sensory diets structured activities designed to help children better handle sensory input.

By understanding these challenges, parents and educators can create environments that help children with Autism feel more comfortable and supported.

Dr. Atul Madaan (Autism Specialist)
MAAP, MBA, MPhil (Clin. Psy), PhD (Psy)
Operational Head & Clinical Psychologist- Care For Autism (CFA)
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www.autismspecialist.co.in

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